Estrogen And Its Role In The Cardiovascular System
Over the past few months, we have been discussing the vital role our hormones play in our overall health, particularly estrogen. It impacts nearly every system in the body, which is why it is so important to understand what happens when our hormone levels decline with age. This month, we are focusing on the roles that estrogen plays in the cardiovascular system and how it influences heart health, especially during the transitions of perimenopause and menopause.
The Impact Of Estrogen On The Cardiovascular System
We hope we have made the case so far that estrogen is more than just a reproductive hormone. It significantly contributes to cardiovascular health by: helping to maintain the flexibility of blood vessels, regulating cholesterol levels, supporting the lining of the arteries, supporting insulin sensitivity, and impacting body fat distribution in a way that lowers risk. In fact, estrogen is one of the key factors in keeping a woman’s risk of cardiovascular disease down compared to men of the same age.
As Levels Decline, Risk Factors Increase
As women approach perimenopause—usually in their 40s—they may start to notice changes in their menstrual cycles and an array of symptoms like hot flashes, mood swings, and sleep disturbance. During this time, estrogen levels begin to fluctuate and eventually decline to near zero in menopause. This decline can lead to several negative cardiovascular changes, increasing the risk of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and ultimately heart disease.
Unfortunately, many women come to us in midlife with great lifestyle habits and yet their labs start to show a different picture. Although this is very common, it can be quite shocking. They don’t understand why they are suddenly teetering on the unhealthy ranges in their lab work, even though they are still exercising and maintaining a healthy diet. The truth is, these changes are happening as a result of the natural aging process -including the loss of estrogen - which happens independently of most lifestyle factors.
Once a woman reaches menopause, estrogen levels plumet. This change can result in more severe arterial stiffness, worsening of endothelial function (inner lining of the wall of the artery), and worsening cholesterol levels. All of these factors contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Hormone Replacement Therapy Can Help
So what can be done to help mitigate these risks? This is where hormone replacement therapy (HRT) comes into play. HRT can replenish estrogen levels, which in turn may support cardiovascular health by improving blood vessel function, regulating cholesterol, and helping to maintain healthy blood pressure levels. Studies indicate that women who start HRT during perimenopause or shortly after menopause may experience a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases compared to those who do not. To learn more about the benefits of HRT, the risks, and if you might be a good candidate, schedule an appointment with us. We will review your health history in detail and work together to find the best treatment options for you.